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Howard S. Hoffman (1925–2006) was an American experimental psychologist. Hoffman's work on imprinting, the startle reflex, and memory were particularly influential and earned him an international reputation. He published hundreds of papers as well as a book about the experience of being a scientist, ''Amorous Turkeys and Addicted Ducklings: A Search for the Causes of Social Attachment''.〔(Howard S. Hoffman obituary ), Bryn Mawr College Alumnae Bulletin, November 2006, (accessed 21 February 2015).〕 Hoffman received grants from the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health and the National Institute for Mental Health.〔 He served as chairman of a National Institute of Mental Health committee to review grant applications.〔(Howard Hoffman...On Life ), Serendip Studio (accessed 21 February 2015).〕 Hoffman was a veteran of World War II who served in the European theatre. He earned five bronze stars and two invasion arrowheads.〔(Howard S. Hoffman obituary ), McConaghy Funeral Home (accessed 21 February 2015).〕 Following the war, he initially studied physics at the University of Chicago, but was uncertain which of his divergent interests he should pursue. Supported by the Veterans Administration, which identified his aptitude for physics, mathematics, and painting, Hoffman later attended art school, studying under Moses Sawyer. After observing children in the nursery school where he was employed, he turned to psychology (not, ironically, one of the domains identified by the VA's aptitude testing) and ultimately earned his Ph.D. Hoffman continued to paint. He had one-man shows at Bryn Mawr and the Tyme Gallery, and his work joined the permanent collections of Bryn Mawr, Haverford College, Rosemont College, and the University of Pennsylvania.〔 Hoffman taught statistics at the University of Connecticut, where he earned his Ph.D, then moved to the psychology department of Pennsylvania State University in 1957. In 1970, Hoffman joined the faculty of Bryn Mawr College. While there, he taught courses on perception and statistics. The perception classes spurred his development of techniques to teach drawing and lead to the book ''Vision and the Art of Drawing''.〔 Hoffman and his wife raised six children. Hoffman collaborated with his son, Russell, to create a computerized statistics course. In collaboration with his wife Alice M. Hoffman he wrote ''Archives of Memory: A Soldier Recalls World War II'' and ''The Cruikshank Chronicles: Anecdotes, Stories, and Memoirs of a New Deal Liberal''.〔 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Howard S. Hoffman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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